The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of Unia, as in the South, one of the most important formations was the cavalry. Union cavalry units were formed into regiments, divided into companies of 100 men. Most often, a single regiment consisted of up to 10 companies. Squadrons consisting of 2-4 companies were often formed. It is estimated that during the Civil War, about 270 regiments of US Army cavalry were formed, almost twice as many as in the South! It is worth noting that later than in the South, the US cavalry began to be used to carry out independent missions of long-distance reconnaissance or classic cavalry raids. The basic weapon of a US cavalry soldier was most often the carbine Sharps, Smith, and from 1863 - also Spencer. The latter was a seven-shot rifle and made it possible to significantly increase the firepower of US cavalry units. The main melee weapon was a saber, and a model was often used The American Pattern of 1860 Light Cavalry Saber. It is worth adding that for a large part of the Civil War, the US cavalry was inferior to its counterpart in the South - it was much worse trained than it (especially when it comes to equestrian elements), it was characterized by lower morale, was also often less commanded and suffered higher losses in clashes. This state of affairs began to change in 1863.
The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of the Union's army, field artillery was a very important formation - it is worth adding that the federal troops had an advantage over the Confederation at the beginning of the war, if only because of the much better possibilities of producing cannons and howitzers, as well as larger officers specializing in this weapon. The basic and smallest organizational unit was a battery often consisting of six guns. The aim was for a single battery to have guns of the same caliber and type, and to be composed of similarly trained people. The crew of one gun was very often composed of 8-12 people. The captain was at the head of the battery. The so-called artillery brigades, often consisting of 5 batteries, or 30 guns. A colonel was at the head of such a brigade. On the battlefield, the main task of the Union artillery was to support the defense or attack of its own infantry. At the end of the Civil War, the Union's artillery consisted of a total of approximately 3,320 guns, of which more than half (approximately 1,700 guns) belonged to field artillery. One of the main models of the cannon used by the federal artillery was the so-called Napoleon, a 12-pound smoothbore front-loading cannon with a firing range of approximately 1,800 meters. It is worth adding, however, that during the Civil War, the Union artillery also used Parrotta rifled cannons.
Конфедеративните американски щати (CSA), известни като Конфедерацията, са създадени през 1861 г., обявявайки тяхното отделяне (отцепване) от Съюза, т.е. Съединените американски щати. Това събитие, както и много други, също от голямо значение, доведоха до избухването на най-кървавата война в историята на Съединените щати, известна като Американската гражданска война, която се води през годините 1861-1865. Разбира се, и на север, и на юг, когато избухна войната, армията се изграждаше. В случая с армията на Конфедерацията една от ключовите формации беше кавалерията. Както и на север, кавалерията на CSA беше организирана в полкове, разделени на роти от 100 души. Най-често един полк се състоеше от до 10 роти. С времето, заедно с водените битки, тези щатни позиции драстично намаляват и полкът, след година или две от войната, може да представлява само 30-40% от първоначалното състояние. Смята се, че приблизително 137 кавалерийски полка са били сформирани в CSA по време на Гражданската война. Основното оръжие на кавалерийския войник на Конфедерацията беше пистолет, за предпочитане пред карабина. Най-често се използват револвери Colt или Remington. Повечето от кавалеристите носеха два пистолета на седлата. Основното оръжие за меле беше сабя и често се използваше модел Американският образец от 1860 г. Лека кавалерийска сабя. Струва си да добавим, че през голяма част от Гражданската война конфедерацията явно се издигаше над своя колега на север - тя беше много по-добре обучена (особено когато става дума за конни елементи), имаше по-висок морал, използваше по-добри бойни тактики и обикновено беше по-добре командван. Достатъчно е да споменем такъв талант на Голгота като генерал Джеб Стюарт.
The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of the Union's army, the main type of armed force - when it comes to numbers - was the infantry. The infantry was formed into regiments that were divided into companies. The full-time US infantry regiments had 700-1000 men, especially at the beginning of the war, but in practice the force of the regiments was from 300 to 400 men. It is worth adding that the regiments were formed into brigades with the strength of about 1500-2000 people, and those into divisions. The basic weapon of a US infantry at that time was a rifle with a rifled barrel, often made by Spencer, with a caliber of 14.73 mm and an effective range of up to 500 meters. On top of that, of course, was the bayonet. It is worth adding that the Union's infantry was perceived as inferior to its Confederate counterpart. It often gave way to its morale and will to fight - especially in the initial period of a conflict. Often, especially at the division or corps level, it was also less well-commanded. On the other hand, it was better equipped, often also better nourished, and often outnumbered the enemy. With time, also, especially after 1863, the qualitative difference began to blur very much. It is worth adding that during the entire Civil War, the Union mobilized approx. 2.1 million people for arms, of which approx. 350-400 thousand. people died, and you can also find data that over 500,000 died. Union soldiers.